FAT AND WAXES - OTHER VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM PLANT PROCESSING

Abduvaly Jonmurodov, Jamshed Bobokalonov, Surayo Usmanova, Zayniddin Muhidinov and LinShu Liu

Chemistry Institute of the Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Abstract

Fat and wax (F&W) can be removed from raw plant materials prior to pectin extraction by a two-step procedure using mixing solvents as recently developed in our laboratory. In this study, we compared the F&W contents in the peel, seeds, roots, and pomace of several main fruits in Tajikistan. It was found that the yield of total F&W increased in the sequence of grape cakes < pumpkin fruit < the roots of Eremurus H. < peach pomace < sunflower head residues < grape seeds < apple pomace < apricot pomace with the highest content of 22.5% in apricot; while the amounts of alcohol soluble compounds (ASC) extracted from total F&W showed a different order that was: apple pomace < the roots of Eremurus H. < grape seeds <apricot pomace < pumpkin fruit <sunflower head residues < peach pomace < grape cake from Isabella grape. By our method, the solvents used for defatting were able to reenter the system for pectin extraction and the isolation of oligo-saccharides and polyphenol, etc. The collections of F&W are valuable for the uses in food and pharmaceutical industries as additives, or coating and shellac materials.

Keywords: Fat and wax, oligosaccharides, pomace, seed, plant root, organic solvent.